Structures
In English grammar, sentence structure is
the arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. The grammatical function
or meaning of a sentence is dependent on this structural organization,
which is also called syntax or syntactic structure.
For example, if we make up a sentence (1) and then make a
small change to it to get (2), we find that the second sentence is
ungrammatical.
(1) I saw the white house. (Grammatically correct)
(2) I saw the house white. (Grammatically incorrect)
"Why? One possibility is that it relates to the
words themselves; perhaps the word white and the
word house must always come in this order.
Some Sentence Patterns to Know
Sentences come in all different styles, but the following are
some of the most common grammar patterns you’ll see. If you learn these eight
patterns, you’ll have a good grasp on how the English language works.
Subject-Verb Pattern
A simple sentence has
a subject and a verb. It can be a single subject, such as “cat,” or it can be a
compound subject like “cats and dogs.” Similarly, it can have a single verb
like “ran” or a compound verb like “ran and jumped.” Here are some examples of
sentences with subject-verb patterns.
- The sun rises in the east. .
- Two ducks were swimming.
- Sam
and Raju studied.
- Sam read and studied.
Subject-Verb-Object Pattern
Another very common sentence pattern in English is the use of a
subject and a verb with a direct object.
A direct object is a noun or a noun phrase that is being acted upon. Direct
objects are only necessary with transitive verbs,
verbs that act on someone or something. These examples will help you
understand.
- Ravi sent a letter.
- My cat can open doors.
- She washed and waxed the car.
- The boy raced the dog.
Subject-Verb-Adverb Pattern
An adverb modifies
a verb, and you’ll find it in many English sentences. Adverbs often end
in -ly and tell how a verb did something. You’ll sometimes see
an adverb before the verb, but a common sentence pattern is to see it after the
verb. Here are some examples of the sentence pattern that include
subject-verb-adverb.
- The fireworks exploded loudly.
- The two friends reminisced happily.
- The door opened slowly.
- She stood up suddenly.
Subject-Verb-Adjective Pattern
An adjective modifies a noun. It can come before the noun in a
simple sentence, but it’s also very common to see the adjective come after the
verb. Here are some examples.
- The cat was black.
- Those boys are funny.
- She seemed upset.
- Dinner looks delicious.
Subject-Verb-Noun Pattern (subject complement)
Another common grammar pattern in English is subject-verb-noun.
In this pattern the verb is often a form of “to be,” showing that the subject
and the ending noun are equivalent. You can see this in these examples.
- My dad is a teacher.
- That character is a villain.
- She is a doctor.
- That woman is my mom.
Independent Clause-Independent Clause Pattern
You’ll also see compound
sentences, which are made up of two or more independent clauses.
These clauses each include a subject and a verb, and they are connected with a
conjunction, a semi-colon or another mark of punctuation. Here are some
examples.
- The
package arrived, and it was late.
- Her
blue dress fit perfectly,
and she looked beautiful.
- I
trained my dog; he sits every time.
- I
loved that book; I couldn’t put it down.
Independent Clause-Dependent Clause Pattern
This common type of sentence can also have the grammar pattern
of dependent clause-independent clause. No matter the order, this pairing of
an independent
clause and dependent clause can add context. Here are some examples.
- When I went to the doctor, he told
me I was healthy.
- Sarah
cleared the dishes when everyone was
finished eating.
- Just as the boy was blowing out
his birthday candles, Aaron took a photo.
- When I read his letter, I missed
him even more.
Independent Clause-Independent
Clause-Dependent Clause Pattern
When you combine two or more independent clauses and one or more
dependent clauses, you are creating a compound-complex
sentence. This is a sophisticated grammar pattern that will make
your writing and speech seem more professional. The clauses can be in any
order, and the independent clauses must be joined by a conjunction or
appropriate punctuation. These examples will show you how it works.
- When I went to the store, the cashier greeted me, and I
smiled at her.
- The donuts were all gone when I got there, and I didn’t get
any.
- The girl was rude because she was hungry, but no one
knew that.
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The following
structures given in the following help you get a good knowledge of English
grammar. Find out its structure given in
the choice. You can find answers in the key:
.1. The
baby is crying.
a. Subject + verb
b. Subject+ be + ing
c. Subject + object
2. Kamala was
singing.
a. Subject + present continuous tense
b. Subject+ be + present participle
c. Subject + object
3. The
bell has rung.
a. Subject + verb
b. Subject+
present participle
c. Subject
+ object
4.His
brother became a soldier.
a. Subject + verb + object complement
b. Object + verb + subject complement
c. Subject +verb+ subject+ complement
5. My father grew angry.
a. Subject+ verb + object complement
b. Object + verb + subject complement
c. Subject +verb+ subject+ complement
6. The
children kept quiet.
a.Subject+ verb + object complement
b.Object + verb + subject complement
c.Subject +verb+ subject+ complement
7.I know his address.
a. subject+pronoun +verb
b. subject +verb+ object
c. subject+verb+noun
8.
Who broke the jug ?.
a. subject+pronoun +verb
b. subject +verb+ object
c. subject+verb+noun
9. We should help
the poor.
a. subject+pronoun +verb
b. subject +verb+ object
c. subject+verb+noun
10. He +gave
+ me +the book.
a.subject
+ verb + indirect object+ direct object
b.subject
+verb + first object+ second object
c.subject
+verb + direct object+ indirect object
11. I bought
my sister a pen.
a.subject
+ verb + indirect object+ direct object
b.subject
+verb + first object+ second object
c.subject
+verb + direct object+ indirect object
12. She sent them
flowers.
a.subject
+ verb + indirect object+ direct object
b. subject
+verb + first object+ second object
c.subject
+verb + direct object+ indirect object
13. He wanted to go.
a.
subject+verb +to infinitive
b.
subject+verb +plain infinitive
c.
subject+verb +bare infinitive
14. He
tried to come early.
a.
subject+verb +to infinitive
b.
subject+verb +plain infinitive
c.
subject+verb +bare infinitive
15. We
expected to win the match.
a.
subject+verb +to infinitive
b.
subject+verb +plain infinitive
c.
subject+verb +bare infinitive
16. I am glad to come.
a.subect+verb+adjective+to
infinitive
b.pronoun+verb+adjective
+to infinitive
c.pronoun+be
form +adjective+ to infinitive
17. She is
afraid to go alone.
a.subject+verb+adjective+to
infinitive
b.pronoun+verb+adjective
+to infinitive
c.pronoun+be
form +adjective+ to infinitive
18. We are
anxious to know the result.
a.subject+verb+adjective+to
infinitive
b.pronoun+verb+adjective
+to infinitive
c.pronoun+be
form +adjective+ to infinitive
19. They
stopped coming.
a.Subject
+ verb + present participle
b. Subject
+ verb + ing form
c..Subject
+ verb + gerund.
20. They
began singing.
a.Subject
+ verb + present participle
b. Subject
+ verb + ing form
c.Subject
+ verb + gerund.
21. Mary enjoys swimming.
a.Subject
+ verb + present participle
b. Subject
+ verb + ing form
c;.Subject
+ verb + gerund.
22. He
fell down while he was running.
a. simple
past tense + past continuous tense
b. past
continuous tense+ simple past tense
c. simple
past tense + present continuous tense
23.The
light went out while I was reading.
a. simple
past tense + past continuous tense
b. past
continuous tense+ simple past tense
c. simple
past tense + present continuous tense
24. I lost
my pen while I was playing tennis.
a. simple
past tense + past continuous tense
b. past
continuous tense+ simple past tense
c. simple
past tense + present continuous tense
25. If he
studies hard, he will get a first class.
a.Simple
Present (If-clause) + will/ shall/ can/
may +plain infinitive (Main clause)
b. Simple
Present (If-clause) + will/ shall/ can/
may +present infinitive (Main clause)
c. Simple
Present (If-clause) + will/ shall/ can/
may + to infinitive (Main clause)
26.If it
rains. I won’t go to town
a.Simple
Present (If-clause) + will/ shall/ can/
may +plain infinitive (Main clause)
b. Simple
Present (If-clause) + will/ shall/ can/ may +present infinitive
(Main clause)
c. Simple
Present (If-clause) + will/ shall/ can/
may + to infinitive (Main clause)
27.If I go
to school late, the teacher will punish me.
a.Simple
Present (If-clause) + will/ shall/ can/
may +plain infinitive (Main clause)
b. Simple
Present (If-clause) + will/ shall/ can/
may +present infinitive (Main clause)
c. Simple
Present (If-clause) + will/ shall/ can/
may + to infinitive (Main clause)
28. If he
studied hard , he would get a first class.
a.If-clause
Simple Past (Subjunctive) + Main clause would/should/could/might + to
infinitive
b. If-clause
Simple Past (Subjunctive) + Main clause would/should/could/might + base form (
main clause)
c.
If-clause Simple Past (Subjunctive) +
Main clause would/should/could/might + infinitive
29. If I
had the car I would buy the car.
a.If-clause
Simple Past (Subjunctive) +Main clause
would/should/could/might + to
infinitive
b.
If-clause Simple Past (Subjunctive) + Main clause would/should/could/might + base
form ( main clause)
c. If-clause
Simple Past (Subjunctive) -+ Main clause would/should/could/might +
infinitive
30 If I
were in your position, I would not do that.
a.If-clause
Simple Past (Subjunctive) +Main clause would/should/could/might + to
infinitive
b.
If-clause Simple Past (Subjunctive) + Main clause would/should/could/might + base
form ( main clause)
c.
If-clause Simple Past (Subjunctive) +Main clause would/should/could/might +
infinitive
31.If he
had studied hard, he would have got a first class.
a. Past
perfect (If-clause) & would/should/could/might
+ have + past participle ( main clause)
b. If-clause
Past perfect +Main clause would/should/could/might + have + present
perfect ( main clause)
c. If-clause
Past perfect +Main clause would/should/could/might + have + present
perfect ( main clause)
32. If I
had phoned her, she would have come.
a. Past
perfect . (If-clause) & would/should/could/might + have + past
participle ( main clause)
b.
If-clause Past perfect Main clause would/should/could/might + have +
present perfect ( main clause)
c.
If-clause Past perfect Main clause would/should/could/might + have +
present perfect ( main clause)
33. If you
had attended the meeting, you would have come.
a. Past
perfect . (If-clause) & would/should/could/might + have + past
participle ( main clause)
b.
If-clause Past perfect Main clause would/should/could/might + have +
present perfect ( main clause)
c.
If-clause Past perfect Main clause would/should/could/might + have +
present perfect ( main clause)
34. It is
bad to borrow money.
a.
it+be+adjective+to-infinitive
b.
it+be+adverb+plain infinitive
c.
it+be+adjective+to+noun
35. It is
good to learn English.
.
it+be+adjective+to-infinitive
b.
it+be+adverb+plain infinitive
c.
it+be+adjective+to+noun
36. It
would be cruel to beat children.
.
it+be+adjective+to-infinitive
b.
it+be+adverb+plain infinitive
c.
it+be+adjective+to+noun
37.
English is easy to learn.
a.Subject+be+adjective+
bare infintive
b.
Subject+be+adjective+ preposition+ object
c. Subject+be+adjective+
to-infinitive
38. The
medicines are pleasant to take.
a.Subject+be+adjective+
bare infintive
b.
Subject+be+adjective+ preposition+ object
c.
Subject+be+adjective+ to-infinitive
39. The
book is easy to read
a.Subject+be+adjective+
bare infintive
b.
Subject+be+adjective+ preposition+ object
c.
Subject+be+adjective+ to-infinitive
40.They
appointed him manager.
a.Subject+verb+noun/pronoun
+ object
b.Subject+verb+noun/pronoun
+ noun
c.Subject+verb+noun/pronoun
+ Pronoun
41. We
elected Mr. Patel Secretary.
a.Subject+verb+noun/pronoun
+ object
b.Subject+verb+noun/pronoun
+ noun
c.Subject+verb+noun/pronoun
+ Pronoun
42. They named the child Ramesh.
a.Subject+verb+noun/pronoun
+ object
b.Subject+verb+noun/pronoun
+ noun
c.Subject+verb+noun/pronoun
+ Pronoun
43.The
coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it.
a.
Noun/pronoun+adjective/adverb+that-clause
b.Noun/pronoun+adjective/adverb+adjunct
c.Noun/pronoun+adjective/adverb+pronoun
adjunct
44.It is
so dark that I can see nothing.
a.
Noun/pronoun+adjective/adverb+that-clause
b.Noun/pronoun+adjective/adverb+adjunct
c.Noun/pronoun+adjective/adverb+pronoun
adjunct
45. He is
so tired that he cannot week further.
a.
Noun/pronoun+adjective/adverb+that-clause
b.Noun/pronoun+adjective/adverb+adjunct
c.Noun/pronoun+adjective/adverb+pronoun
adjunct
46.. We
painted the windows green.
a.
subject+verb+noun/pronoun+noun
b.
subject+verb+noun/pronoun+adverb
c.
subject+verb+noun/pronoun+adjective
47. He
dyed his hair black.
a.
subject+verb+noun/pronoun+noun
b.
subject+verb+noun/pronoun+adverb
c.
subject+verb+noun/pronoun+adjective
48. The
thief broke the box open.
a.
subject+verb+noun/pronoun+noun
b.
subject+verb+noun/pronoun+adverb
c.
subject+verb+noun/pronoun+adjective
49. She is
strong enough to carry the box.
a.
subject+adjective/adverb+enough +noun
b.subject+adjective/adverb+enough
+to-infinitive
c.subject+adjective/adverb+enough
+to-pronoun
50. He is
tall enough to reach the picture.
a.
subject+adjective/adverb+enough +noun
b.subject+adjective/adverb+enough
+to-infinitive
c.subject+adjective/adverb+enough
+to-pronoun
51. The
police ran fast enough to catch the thief.
a.
subject+adjective/adverb+enough +noun
b.subject+adjective/adverb+enough
+to-infinitive
c.subject+adjective/adverb+enough
+to-pronoun
52. How
lovely the garden is!
a.
How+adjective/adverb+subject+present
b, How+adjective/adverb+subject+noun
c.
How+adjective/adverb+subject+verb
53.How
well she dances!
a.
How+adjective/adverb+subject+present
b, How+adjective/adverb+subject+noun
c. How+adjective/adverb+subject+verb
54. How
terrible the noise was!
a.
How+adjective/adverb+subject+present
b, How+adjective/adverb+subject+noun
c.How+adjective/adverb+subject+verb
55.I saw
him crossing the bridge
a.
subject+verb+noun/pronoun+ participle (-ing form)
b.subject+verb+noun/pronoun+
present participle (-ing form)
c.subject+verb+noun/pronoun+
past participle (-ing form)
56. I can
hear somebody tapping the door.
a.
subject+verb+noun/pronoun+ participle (-ing form)
b.subject+verb+noun/pronoun+
present participle (-ing form)
c.subject+verb+noun/pronoun+
past participle (-ing form)
57. We
heard somebody crying.
a.
subject+verb+noun/pronoun+ participle (-ing form)
b.subject+verb+noun/pronoun+
present participle (-ing form)
c.subject+verb+noun/pronoun+
past participle (-ing form)
58. I saw
him cross the bridge.
a.Subject+adverb+noun/pronoun+bare
infinitive
b.Subject+adjective+noun/pronoun+bare
infinitive
c.Subject+verb+noun/pronoun+bare
infinitive
59. I
watched the children play in the field.
a.Subject+adverb+noun/pronoun+bare
infinitive
b.Subject+adjective+noun/pronoun+bare
infinitive
c.Subject+verb+noun/pronoun+bare
infinitive
60. I
heard someone laugh.
a.Subject+adverb+noun/pronoun+bare
infinitive
b.Subject+adjective+noun/pronoun+bare
infinitive
c.Subject+verb+noun/pronoun+bare
infinitive
61.I wish
I knew his name.
a. subject+wish +noun clause
b. subject+wish +adjective clause
c.subject+wish +noun
62. I wish
I were in London now.
a. subject+wish +noun clause
b. subject+wish +adjective clause
c.subject+wish +noun
63. I wish
I knew the answer.
a. subject+wish +noun clause
b. subject+wish +adjective clause
c.subject+wish +noun
Answers
1.c 2. c 3.
c 4.b 5. b
6.b 7. b 8. b
9.b 10.a 11.a
12. a 13.a 14. a
15. a 16. a
17. a 18. a. 19.c
20.c 21. c 22. a
23. a 24. a 25.
a 26. a
27.a 28.b. 29.b. 30.b
31. a 32.a 33. a
34. a 35. a 36. a 37.c
38.c 39.c 40.b
41.b 42.b 43.a.44.a
45.a 46.c 47.c
48.c 49.b 50.b 51.b 52.c 53.c
54.c 55.b 56.b 57.b 58. c 59.c 60. c 61.a
62..a 63.a
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